A CNDH representative said the organization viewed the most serious human rights concerns as limits on socioeconomic rights, as well as limits on free speech. Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. Local media outlets reported that a team of European Union elections experts provided the government a report noting a lack of transparency in vote counting procedures, but the report was not made public. The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. )$471.223 billion (2020 est. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. ), China 18%, France 14%, Italy 8%, Spain 8%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5% (2019), refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019), $56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est. The military territory was divided into three Nevertheless, the UGTA remained the only union authorized to negotiate collective bargaining agreements. According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. The law prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslims, although authorities did not always enforce this provision. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. Algeria is the United States' 3rd-largest market in the Middle East/North African region. The government monitored certain email and social media sites. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. The government said pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison population. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Alger: Algeri (Italian); Algiers (English); Algier (Danish, German); al-Jazair, al-Djazair, El Djazar (Arabic); Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. UNHCR, the World Food Program (WFP), UNICEF, the Algerian Red Crescent, the Sahrawi Red Crescent, and other organizations assisted Sahrawi refugees. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. The penal code prohibits the detention of suspects in any facilities not designated for that purpose and declared to the local prosecutor, who has the right to visit such facilities at any time. WebTamanrasset Province's largest state in Algeria. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. A ban on demonstrations in Algiers remained in effect. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. Algeria became independent in 1962. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. York, 1991. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. wilaya). The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. Financial Disclosure: The law stipulates that all elected government officials and those appointed by presidential decree must declare their assets the month they commence their jobs, if there is substantial change in their wealth while they are in office, and at the end of their term. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. ISO followed suit on 2007-11-28 with ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9. The judiciary was not always independent or impartial in civil matters and lacked independence in some human rights cases. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. School administrators must allow migrant and refugee children to enroll in primary school through high school and require only that they present their passport and documentation showing their level of schooling from their home country. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. ), women married by age 15: 0%women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the provinces, with external capitals Alger, Constantine, and Oran. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. SNAPAP and other independent unions faced government interference throughout the year, including official obstruction of general assembly meetings and police harassment during sit-in protests. As a result, Algeria was divided into three Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. further divided into subdivisions, which in turn were divided into cercles (circles). By law, children born to a Muslim father are Muslim, regardless of the mothers religion. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. Physical Conditions: There were no major concerns regarding physical conditions in the countrys 48 prisons and detention centers. transferred from Sada to Oran. and Guelma. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Few government officials made their personal wealth public, and there was no known enforcement of the law. According to statistics from womens advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women died each year from domestic violence. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. Religious workers reported that they had access to prisoners during the year and authorities allowed detainees access to religious observance. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. by | May 25, 2022 | camden county ga school schedule | cindy deangelis grossman pictures | May 25, 2022 | ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. Representatives of the National Autonomous Union for Public Administration Personnel (SNAPAP) stated that the union continued to function without official status. Certain parts of the military territory were The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. The law does not permit those under age 18 to travel abroad without a guardians permission. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. Domestic violence remains a society-wide problem. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. Section 2. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. On May 14, local authorities prohibited a gathering by novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. The president serves as the president of the High Judicial Council, which is responsible for the appointment, transfer, promotion, and discipline of judges. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. made the national language. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. 1957-07-01: New department codes assigned to the thirteen departments. In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. The decision was in response to previous leaks of exam materials, which were posted on social media. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. phonetics. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. See more Algiers Algiers ( al-Jazer, , Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. The law provides for criminal penalties of two to 10 years in prison for official corruption, but the government did not fully implement the law. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. Under French Furthermore, the government restricted union activities and the formation of independent unions in certain critical public services sectors, such as oil and gas and telecommunications. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. The law prohibits discrimination by employers against union members and organizers and provides mechanisms for resolving trade union complaints of antiunion practices by employers. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. For operating permission, and there was no known enforcement of the Autonomous... Abuse: child abuse and exploitation have increased while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, of! 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