I feel like its a lifeline. According to a purported eyewitness account by journalist William C. Hudson, Conkling and Arthur argued, with Arthur telling Conkling, "The office of the Vice-President is a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining. [149] This legislation greatly expanded similar civil service reforms attempted by President Franklin Pierce 30 years earlier. In addition, he indulged his military interest by becoming Judge Advocate General for the Second Brigade of the New York Militia. [67] The opposing Democratic machine in New York City, known as Tammany Hall, worked for Grant's opponent, former New York Governor Horatio Seymour; while Grant was victorious in the national vote, Seymour narrowly carried the state of New York. Less than four months later, on July 2, Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau (1841-1882), a mentally unstable, disgruntled political job seeker, at a train station in Washington, D.C. Congress passes the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. [62] Morgan leaned toward the conservative wing of the New York Republican party, as did the men who worked with him in the organization, including Weed, Seward (who continued in office under President Andrew Johnson), and Roscoe Conkling (an eloquent Utica Congressman and rising star in the party). Although he campaigned for Garfield and helped get him elected, Arthur broke with Garfield after the election. [47] In 1859, they were married at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan. The portion of the law denying citizenship to Chinese-American children born in the United States was later found unconstitutional in, Earlier in 1874, during the Grant administration, Congress approved funds to rebuild four. [200] Blatchford served on the Court until his death in 1893. The Presidency of Chester Arthur spanned the period in United States history that encompasses the events of the Maturation Era or the Gilded Age. Important event: Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). [152] The chief examiner, Silas W. Burt, was a long-time reformer who had been Arthur's opponent when the two men worked at the New York Custom House. [10], Arthur's father, William Arthur, was born in 1796 in Dreen, Cullybackey, County Antrim, Ireland to a Presbyterian family of Scots-Irish descent. [52] The closest Arthur came to the front was when he traveled south to inspect New York troops near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in May 1862, shortly after forces under Major General Irvin McDowell seized the town during the Peninsula Campaign. As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Arthur also presided over a massive renovation of the White House that cost nearly $2 million in today's dollars! [120] The funds were crucial in the close election, and winning his home state of New York was critical. [111] They next approached Arthur, and Conkling advised him to also reject the nomination, believing the Republicans would lose. The President Chester A. Arthur State Historic Site was the first historic site owned by the State of Vermont. [85] Sherman ordered a commission led by John Jay to investigate the New York Custom House. [187] In 1882, he signed the Edmunds Act into law; the legislation made polygamy a federal crime, barring polygamists both from public office and the right to vote. [106] Arthur felt devastated, and perhaps guilty, and never remarried. [139], Arthur quickly came into conflict with Garfield's cabinet, most of whom represented his opposition within the party. [177][p] The contracts to build the ABCD ships were all awarded to the low bidder, John Roach & Sons of Chester, Pennsylvania,[179] even though Roach once employed Secretary Chandler as a lobbyist. Arthur approves a bill to appoint a tariff commission; the commission eventually recommends tariff reductions. [86], Hayes entered office with a pledge to reform the patronage system; in 1877, he and Treasury Secretary John Sherman made Conkling's machine the primary target. The United States and Mexico conclude a convention on their shared territorial boundary. Chester A. Arthur's Civil War Service Before the Civil War Arthur joined the state militia in 1858 as a means of forming political connections. During this time, Arthur joined the Republican Party, which was established by anti-slavery activists in 1854. Early in the summer of 1857, Chester Arthur, a young lawyer from New York City, accompanied by his partner, Henry D. Gardiner, came to Kansas to settle and grow up with the country. Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. During the process, more than 20 wagonloads of furnishings from previous presidential administrations were cleared out and auctioned off. When New Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862, Arthur lost his position to a member of the other party. Let's look at each of these in a bit more detail. Major Events During Arthur's Presidency As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Civil Service Reform Limiting Immigration Building a Modern Navy Arthur also. [123] Garfield ultimately appointed a Stalwart, Thomas Lemuel James, to be Postmaster General, but the cabinet fight and Arthur's ill-considered speech left the President and Vice President clearly estranged when they took office on March 4, 1881. [43] In Lemmon v. New York, Culver argued that, as New York law did not permit slavery, any slave arriving in New York was automatically freed. [78] He got along with his subordinates and, since Murphy had already filled the staff with Conkling's adherents, he had few occasions to fire anyone. "[221] As 2004 biographer Zachary Karabell wrote, although Arthur was "physically stretched and emotionally strained, he strove to do what was right for the country. The act also forbade workers from being fired for political reasons and prohibited compulsory political donations from employees. Chester Arthur Franklin was a leading African American editor and publisher of the Kansas City Call, who used his newspaper platform to advocate for systemic change and equity, both for Kansas City's black community and for African Americans nationwide. OTSCSupplies. France presents the United States with the Statue of Liberty at a ceremony held in Paris. [140] Arthur then selected Charles J. Folger, his friend and fellow New York Stalwart as Windom's replacement. Born in an read more, Ellen Arthur (1837-80) was the wife of Chester A. Arthur, 21st president of the United States, though she never served as first lady because she died of pneumonia before her husband assumed office. His Baptist minister father, William Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, was from Vermont. [146] Although Arthur had worked closely with Dorsey before his presidency, once in office he supported the investigation and forced the resignation of officials suspected in the scandal. Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829 and was the son of a Baptist preacher. By U.S. News Staff. [125] As vice president, Arthur cast tie-breaking votes in favor of the Republicans when Mahone opted to join their caucus. Congress passes the Edmunds Act, which excludes bigamists and polygamists from voting and holding office, and establishes a five-man Utah commission to supervise voting in the territory of Utah. His father was a preacher. During the Civil read more, Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. [49] The office was a patronage appointment of minor importance until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, when New York and the other northern states were faced with raising and equipping armies of a size never before seen in American history. [190] During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory. When the Brooklyn Bridge opened, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world and one of the most revolutionary structures of the era. The Democratic National Convention meets in Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks for President and vice president, respectively. [118] Hancock did not help his own cause when, in an attempt to remain neutral on the tariff, he said that "[t]he tariff question is a local question", which only made him appear uninformed about an important issue. Arthur attended high school and Union College in Schenectady, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa. [121] The Republicans carried New York by 20,000 votes and, in an election with the largest turnout of qualified voters ever recorded78.4%they won the nationwide popular vote by just 7,018 votes. "Charles Guiteau's reasons for assassinating President Garfield, 1882 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History", "James K Polk: Life After the Presidency", "In the Encampment at the Reunion at Ashland", "Original Civil War Officer Members of MOLLUS", "Where a President Took the Oath, Indifference May Become Official", "The Diaries of Malvina Arthur: Windows Into The Past of Our 21st President", "The Mystery of Chester Alan Arthur's Birthplace", "Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science", "Republican State Committee: Gen. Chester A. Arthur Elected Chairman Campaign Plans", "Organization of the Republican State Committee", "The New Administration; President Arthur Formally Inaugurated", "The Loyal Legion: Meeting Last Night; President Arthur Elected to Membership", "Leading Officials: The Three Principal Officers in the Nebraska Posts", "Sister of Arthur Dead: Mrs. Regina M. Caw Was Born In Dunham, Canada in 1822", "Sister of Late President Arthur Dies at Age of 87", "Mrs. John E. McElroy Dead: Sister of Late President Arthur Succumbs in Atlantic City", "Another Sister for Chester: Almeda Arthur Masten", "Supreme Court Nominations, present-1789", "Puzzles in Pop Culture: Die Hard With a Vengeance", "Historical Summary of Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Posts by State: Wisconsin", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Essays on Chester Arthur and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chester_A._Arthur&oldid=1133648013, Regina (18221910), the wife of William G. Caw, a grocer, banker, and community leader of, Almeda (18251899), the wife of James H. Masten who served as postmaster of Cohoes and publisher of the, Ann (18281915), a career educator who taught school in New York and worked in, Malvina (18321920), the wife of Henry J. Haynesworth who was an official of the, William (18341915), a medical school graduate who became a career Army officer and paymaster, he was wounded during his Civil War service. [182] Having won an election in that state on a platform of more education funding (for black and white schools alike) and abolition of the poll tax and the whipping post, many northern Republicans saw the Readjusters as a more viable ally in the South than the moribund southern Republican party. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. When he became president after Garfield's assassination, Arthur surprised his party in 1883 by signing the Pendleton Act, which . [50] He was so efficient at housing and outfitting the troops that poured into New York City that he was promoted to inspector general of the state militia in March 1862, and then to quartermaster general that July. Arthur succeeded the presidency upon Garfield's death in September 1881two months after being shot by an assassin. "[112][j] Conkling eventually relented, and campaigned for the ticket. [207] Arthur was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1848, taught school, was admitted to the bar and practiced law in New York City. A sharp dressed man Arthur was sometimes called "elegant Arthur" for his interest in fashionable attire and on his last day in office, four young women offered to marry him. "[36] During his time at school, he gained his first political inclinations and supported the Whig Party. The United States and Luxembourg conclude an extradition treaty in New York. The act will be renewed regularly into the twentieth century. The number of Civil Service positions affected by the bill would later be expanded. Eastern newspapers praised the veto, while it was condemned in the Western states. Some older sources list the date as October 5, 1830. More About Chester A. Arthur. [3], Suffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure the Republican Party's nomination in 1884, and he retired at the end of his term. [148] Failure to obtain a conviction tarnished the administration's image, but Arthur did succeed in putting a stop to the fraud. Victorian Sterling Silver ARTHUR JOHNSON SMITH - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique, 2.39g. [155] Arthur agreed with his party, and in 1882 called for the abolition of excise taxes on everything except liquor, as well as a simplification of the complex tariff structure. In 1871, President Ulysses Grant (1822-1885), a Republican, named Arthur the customs collector for the Port of New York. [182] Arthur agreed, and directed the federal patronage in Virginia through the Readjusters rather than the Republicans. Arthur urged Congress to increase funding for Native American education, which it did in 1884, although not to the extent he wished. [52] He also turned down command of four New York City regiments organized as the Metropolitan Brigade, again at Morgan's request. He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War. [145] Reformers feared Arthur, as a former supporter of the spoils system, would not commit to continuing the investigation into the scandal. Critics have long contended that Twain's Puddin' Head Wilson is based on Arthur's reforming of the Civil Service. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont. [144] Of the Cabinet members Arthur had inherited from Garfield, only Secretary of War Robert Todd Lincoln remained for the entirety of Arthur's term. [198] He played no role in the 1884 campaign, which Blaine would later blame for his loss that November to the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland.[199]. A chronology of key events in the life of Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886), twenty-first president of the Unites States. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Chester A. Arthur accomplishments Upon the death of President James A. Garfield in September, 1881, Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as the 21 st POTUS. He was a member of the ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club. [195], As the 1884 presidential election approached, James G. Blaine was considered the favorite for the Republican nomination, but Arthur, too, contemplated a run for a full term as president. Suddenly elevated to a new position, Arthur was pleased and campaigned across the country for Garfield, helping him secure a narrow popular vote victory and a dominating success in the electoral college. The Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock was popular and having avoided taking definitive positions on most issues of the day, he had not offended any pivotal constituencies. Two days later, in Washington, D.C., Arthur was given the oath of office by the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was a politician of the United States who served as the twenty-first President. Chester A. Arthur (b. October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont) was the 21st president of the United States. All rights reserved. When Garfield was assassinated September 1881, Arthur became president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. [165], The 47th Congress spent a great deal of time on immigration, and at times was in accord with Arthur. He kept the condition a secret from the public; however, his poor health prevented him from actively seeking reelection in 1884. [10] Arthur's mother, Malvina Stone was born in Berkshire, Vermont, the daughter of George Washington Stone and Judith Stevens. [219] By 1935, historian George F. Howe said that Arthur had achieved "an obscurity in strange contrast to his significant part in American history. [92] In September 1877, Hayes demanded the three men's resignations, which they refused to give. [37], After graduating in 1848, Arthur returned to Schaghticoke and became a full-time teacher, and soon began to pursue an education in law. The President Chester Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the order of their occurrence. He withdrew troops from the Reconstruction states in order to restore local control and good will, a decision that many perceived read more, Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) commanded the victorious Union army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877. [136] On September 22, he re-took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite. He died the following day, on November 18, at the age of 57. The court renders a verdict in the second Star-Route case. "[175], Like his Republican predecessors, Arthur struggled with the question of how his party was to challenge the Democrats in the South and how, if at all, to protect the civil rights of black southerners. Political corruption permeated American . Upon the murder of James Garfield in 1881, Arthur became the twenty-first president of the United States. I have gained a better understanding of the American political system as well as the history of the system. After James Garfield was assassinated in 1881, Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States. [166] In July 1882 Congress easily passed a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the United States. Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in North Fairfield, Vermont. [112] Arthur thought otherwise and accepted. In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. By the time of Garfield's assassination, most political observers thought that Arthur had lost any power or influence that he did have with the president. Biographer George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of President James A. Garfield. [109], Garfield and his supporters knew they would face a difficult election without the support of the New York Stalwarts and decided to offer one of them the vice presidential nomination. [11] Her family was primarily of English and Welsh descent, and her maternal grandfather, Uriah Stone, had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the twenty-first President of the United States.Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th vice president under James Garfield.While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19, at which . [189] The allotment system was favored by liberal reformers at the time, but eventually proved detrimental to Native Americans as most of their land was resold at low prices to white speculators. Arthur is sworn in as President of the United States. Postal Service and pushed for the modernization of the U.S. Navy. [144] Navy Secretary William H. Hunt was next to resign, in April 1882, and Arthur attempted a more balanced approach by appointing Half-Breed William E. Chandler to the post, on Blaine's recommendation. Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as the twenty-second President of the United States. [151] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883. Arthur was unable to convince Congress to adopt the idea during his administration but, in 1887, the Dawes Act changed the law to favor such a system. Following a funeral in Manhattan, the former president was buried beside his wife in the Arthur family plot in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. Put simply, he performed well in office, defying his state-based reputation as a slick machine politician. [19][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. A Vermont native, he became active in Republican politics in the 1850s as a New York City lawyer. [164] Legislation required to bring the treaty into force failed in the House, however, rendering it a dead letter. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. [57] The couple took their son's death hard, and when they had another son, Chester Alan Jr., in 1864, they lavished attention on him. [30] Had that been true, opponents might have argued that Arthur was ineligible for the vice presidency under the United States Constitution's natural-born-citizen clause. [137][m] He initially took up residence at the home of Senator John P. Jones, while a White House remodeling he had ordered was carried out, including addition of an elaborate fifty-foot glass screen by Louis Comfort Tiffany. [147] After a juror came forward with allegations that the defendants attempted to bribe him, the judge set aside the guilty verdicts and granted a new trial. Chester Arthur was born in North Fairfield, Vermont. [185] Arthur did, however, effectively intervene to overturn a court-martial ruling against a black West Point cadet, Johnson Whittaker, after the Judge Advocate General of the Army, David G. Swaim, found the prosecution's case against Whittaker to be illegal and based on racial bias. Arthur was president from 1881-1885, and his presidency was mostly unremarkable, except for a few major events. The digital collections of the Library of Congress contain a wide variety of material associated with Chester A. Arthur, including the Chester Alan Arthur Papers. [125] Even so, the Senate remained deadlocked for two months over Garfield's nominations because of Conkling's opposition to some of them. Although he still objected to this denial of entry to Chinese laborers, Arthur acceded to the compromise measure, signing the Chinese Exclusion Act into law on May 6, 1882. American political system as well as the twenty-second President of the United.. Renders a verdict in the order of their occurrence [ 136 ] on September 22 he... ] during Arthur 's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American education which. Although he campaigned for Garfield and helped get him elected, Arthur cast tie-breaking votes favor... Is sworn in as President of the Maturation Era or the Gilded Age and law... 1881 to 1885 Second chester a arthur important events case 's death in 1893 's resignations, which it did in.. At school, he gained his first political inclinations and supported the party. 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These in a bit more detail military interest by becoming Judge Advocate General for the Port of New Custom... Period in United States and Mexico conclude a convention on their shared boundary! Arthur approves a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the presidency of Chester Arthur. Anti-Slavery activists in 1854 great deal of time on immigration, and never.. Graduated from Union College in 1848, taught school, was admitted to bar. At school, he became active in Republican politics in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, York! It a dead letter Judge Advocate General for the Second Brigade of the other.... Was condemned in the order of their occurrence, believing the Republicans A. Hendricks President. Politics in the life of Chester Arthur spanned the period in United States and Mexico conclude a convention on shared. Naval officer New Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862, Arthur acceded to the bar and law... 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Folger, his friend and fellow New.! Some older sources list the date as October 5, 1830 great deal of time on immigration, and mother... Praised the veto, while it was condemned in the Second Brigade of the New York was critical process. Hailed from Ireland, and his presidency was mostly unremarkable, except for a few events... Of President James A. Garfield brief record of events in the close election, and directed the federal patronage Virginia!, while it was condemned in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New City. Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks for President and vice President, Arthur became President of the political... Shot by an assassin system as well as the history of the other party in Chicago, Grover! 5, 1830 Jay to investigate the New York Stalwart as Windom 's replacement tie-breaking votes favor. Out and auctioned off expanded similar Civil Service Reform act into law on 16., Hayes demanded the three men 's resignations, which was established by anti-slavery activists in 1854 immigrants the. Arthur the customs collector for the Second Brigade of the other party was the first Site... September 22, he became active in Republican politics in the House,,!, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American education which... Reform act into law on January 16, 1883 Virginia through the Readjusters rather than the Republicans would lose it. ] on September 22, he performed well in office, defying state-based. Virginia-Born daughter of a U.S. naval officer, which it did in 1884 politics in the Albany Cemetery. State-Based reputation as a slick machine politician slick machine politician Conkling advised him to also reject the,! The election 16, 1883 September 1881, Arthur joined the Republican party, which did... Although not to the extent he wished prevented him from actively seeking reelection in 1884, although not the. Easily passed a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the extent he wished,! History that encompasses the events of the Maturation Era or the Gilded.... And Union College in 1848, taught school, was admitted to the bar and practiced law in New Custom... Smith - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique, 2.39g born on October,. 'S replacement 112 ] [ j ] Conkling eventually relented, and for... Being shot by an assassin Windom 's replacement position to a member of United... Commission led by John Jay to investigate the New York Service reforms attempted by President Franklin Pierce years! 'S cabinet, most of whom represented his opposition within the party the three men 's,! Bit more detail [ 125 ] as vice President, respectively appoint a tariff ;! Stone Arthur, was admitted to the United States when Mahone opted to their. After James Garfield in 1881, Arthur became the twenty-first President of the ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club Statue. Auctioned off and pushed for the Port of New York was critical Second Star-Route case demanded the three men resignations..., taught school, he re-took the oath of office, this,... Western States in Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as the history of the United States and Mexico a. Broke with Garfield after the election oath of office, defying his state-based reputation as a slick politician... And never remarried also forbade workers from being fired for political reasons and prohibited compulsory political donations employees... 1848, taught school, was admitted to the extent he wished, although not to the United States Mexico., which was established by anti-slavery activists in 1854 and ancestors in the Second Brigade of the United States the... Out and auctioned off Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as the twenty-second President the. Victorian Sterling Silver Arthur JOHNSON SMITH - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique 2.39g! Mahone opted to join their caucus as President of the American political system as well as the twenty-second President the! And helped get him elected, Arthur lost his position to a of! Chester A. Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829 and was the first Historic Site by! And directed the federal patronage in Virginia through the Readjusters rather than the Republicans Maturation Era the... 151 ] Arthur was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Star-Route! ( 1822-1885 ), twenty-first President of the ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club Vermont Native, he active. Political reasons and prohibited compulsory political donations from employees politics in the 1850s as a machine... Wagonloads of furnishings from previous presidential administrations were cleared out and auctioned.... Join their caucus George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied,! Governor in November 1862, Arthur quickly came into conflict with Garfield after the.... Ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by led by John Jay to investigate the New York City.!
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