The storm weakened within the Gulf of Tonkin and struck Vietnam north of ng Hi on October8 with one-minute sustained winds estimated at 85km/h (45mph) by the JTWC. [6]:134 The disturbance became a tropical depression roughly (300mi) southeast of Guam on August2 and strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. [223][224] The loss of homes on the two islands displaced 178families. [41] An 11,360-ton freighter ran aground at Victoria Harbour, where two people drowned. Typhoon classification is introduced to facilitate the public in recognizing more intense typhoons, prompting people to be extra vigilant with the approach of more intense tropical cyclones. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to bring up various topics discussed or debated on social media. In the Northwest Pacific Basin, for example, the particularly descriptive classification of "super typhoon" is used once a typhoon's maximum sustained wind speed reaches at least 130 knots (more than twice the minimum wind-speed criteria for a typhoon). [43][40] Further inland, the storm relieved drought conditions in the Chinese province of Guangdong. [22] After taking a northward heading, Grace redeveloped on August3 and tracked across the Satsunan Islands. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Performance comparison results of different models (Note: M1 is the ANN model, M2 is the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model, M3 is the GCN model, M4 is the LSTM model, M5 is the GCNLSTM, and M6 is the RNNLSTM model, where 0200 is the test set and 2001000 is the training set). Feature extraction result of some convolution kernels. [239], Opal formed from a tropical wave moving through the Caroline Islands in early December, with an initial wind circulation developing by December8. via thenationalinterest. [12]:78[6]:47 Between December1012, Opal moved between Yap and Palau, passing 65km (40mi) north of Kayangel with one-minute sustained winds of 260km/h (160mph). ii) Tropical Storm: Maximum wind speed at the center reaches 48 to 64 knots (25 m/s - 33 m/s) or, iii) Typhoon: Maximum wind speed at the center reaches 64 to 85 knots (33 m/s - 44 m/s) or scale, iv) Severe Typhoon: Maximum wind speed at the center exceeds 85 knots (44 m/s) or over scale. [73] At 04:00UTC the next day, an aerial reconnaissance mission into Elsie estimated that the storm's winds reached 185km/h (115mph). On October27, Hope became a typhoon northwest of the Bonin Islands as it accelerated northeast. The Observatory does not anticipate that the introduction of typhoon classification will affect the existing contingency plans for tropical cyclones.. [6]:177[12]:76 Tilda's winds reached typhoon intensity on September14. [52] In Infanta, Quezon, a maximum wind of 127km/h (79mph) was measured. [198][141][199][200] The Royal Observatory recorded 331.2mm (13.04in) of rain and gales for eight consecutive hours. The rainfall brought an end to an over two-year-long drought that had prompted a year-long water rationing in the territory. [citation needed]. [124] Kathy's effects flooded almost 1,700homes and destroyed 8others in Amami shima; winds there reached 138km/h (86mph). Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. At the time, it was located southeast of Wake Island. [205] Aircraft reconnaissance reached the system on October15, encountering as a westward-moving tropical storm. The torrents destroyed homes and left 10,000families homeless. However, a few days after Iris moved through the country, Tropical Storm Joan worsened the situation significantly. Some researches focused on the different shapes or the clusters of the typhoon trajectories. [12]:77 An eye emerged on Nimbus satellite imagery on September20,[174]:159 and on September21, Wilda reached its peak intensity over the Philippine Sea with one-minute maximum sustained winds of 280km/h (175mph) as estimated by the JTWC and a minimum central pressure of 895hPa (mbar; 26.43inHg). The Typhoon class was developed under Project 941 as the Russian ''Akula'' class (), meaning shark. [128][130] One landslide in Kagoshima killed 11people. [29] Farther southeast, in Guam, the passing storm produced 52mm (2.03in) of rain. [213], Similar to the formation of Tropical Storm Iris, Tropical Storm Joan originated from a tropical disturbance over the western South China Sea on November5. [12]:77[167]:76 Storm surge at Lng C reached 1.7m (5.6ft). Once the tropical cyclone reaches winds of at least 39 mph (63 km/h) they are typically called a "tropical storm" and assigned a name. [95][91] Helen killed at least nine people in South Korea;[96] 3drowned and 15others were missing following the sinking of a fishing boat off the southern coast. [249][250] Opal caused significant property damage in Luzon and disrupted communications. [184] An 8,547-ton Indonesian freighter with 53crew ran aground and keeled over at the Port of Kobe. Eng. Why is typhoon classification introduced? [46] Winnie weakened as it moved over Luzon and restrengthened upon reaching the South China Sea, taking a west-northwesterly heading. The Session will also cover the new Strategic Plan 2022-2026 and development issues. Modified wind signals [6]:98 The storm's winds continued to increase, and on July3 its winds reached 185km/h (115mph) before the rate of intensification stalled. [218] Louise was unusually close to the equator for a storm of its intensity; persisting at a strength equivalent to a Category5 hurricane on the SaffirSimpson scale at 7.3N, closer to the equator than any other Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone of such intensity. [193], Clara formed southwest of Guam on October1 from a separating portion of a trough and initially moved towards the northwest. [102] Several fishermen also went missing during the storm;[103] 31went missing after the presumed sinking of ship off the coast of southeastern Luzon. 55th TC Session. Its intensity oscillated as curved west and neared central Vietnam, peaking in strength with winds of 95km/h (60mph) on September26; these winds were inferred from maritime observations near the storm. Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, made landfall in the Philippines on Nov. 8, 2013, as a Category 5 storm. [190][191]:52, Tropical Storm Billie began southwest of Guam on September24. Figure (. [148] Based on data from the JTWC, Sally was the strongest typhoon of the 1964season along with Typhoon Opal as measured by maximum winds, and had the lowest pressure of any storm that year. [139][12][6], Ruby was the first of two typhoons in 1964 for which the Royal Observatory in Hong Kong raised tropical cyclone signal no. [213], The deadliest storm of the 1964 season, Tropical Storm Joan brought heavy flooding that killed 7,000 people in Vietnam. With effect from 2009, a new classification is used and consists of 6 categories as follows: During the SALVEX, she was skippered by LCDR Peveril Blundell USN. What is the difference between the new and old classifications? [89] In the city of Kagoshima, 16homes were razed and 36others were damaged. Would you like email updates of new search results? At a certain point in their lifetime, four of them belonged to the super typhoon category (Wanda 1962; Ruby 1964; Rose 1971 and Hope 1979) while two belonged to the severe typhoon category ( Gloria 1957 and Ellen 1983).. Super typhoons are the equivalent of a at least a high-end Category 4 hurricane on the . [107], In Hong Kong, the Royal Observatory advised ships to seek shelter in port and issued typhoon signal no. [73][6]:115 The depression intensified into a tropical storm two days later, with its course concurrently curving west. Nora then curved northwest before moving ashore Mindoro in the Philippines on November28. [72][12]:75 The next day, Doris attained one-minute sustained winds of 150km/h (90mph). In true #PhilAmFriendship, USAID partnered with Catholic Relief Services to. On September5, Ruby attained maximum one-minute sustained winds of 220km/h (140mph) as it made landfall near Hong Kong and Macau. The intensity class had "weak" (which corresponds to Tropical Storm) and "middle" (which corresponds to Severe Tropical Storm), and the size class had "very small," "small," and "middle."These classes, however, might have given unreasonable relief to the people's attitude . The tropical storm passed south of Hainan and made landfall on Vietnam near Vinh on October23, after which it dissipated. [28], The first tropical cyclone of 1964 developed from a segment of the polar trough. [6]:47 Weakening commenced thereafter as the center of Sally passed north of Luzon on a west-northwestward heading on September9. [117][12]:76 Maintaining a west-northwestward heading, Kathy reached typhoon strength on August13,[117] passing well south of Tokyo on approach towards the Ryukyu Islands. 21. 1 - tropical cyclone winds of 30-60 kph are expected within the next 36 hours. Some meteorological satellite cloud picture. 1866, June 5-9 - severe typhoon in provinces of Cagayan, La Union, Ilocos, and Abra . Comput Biol Med. [11], The active typhoon season was also impactful. Tropical Cyclone Formation and Activity Calendar of 1964. [6]:47 On December14, the typhoon passed north of Cataduanes and Polillo Island and its winds began to lessen. PMC So, The intensity and size represents different aspect of a typhoon. 2017;38:414430. Tropical cyclone classification varies between Typhoon Committee Members. Its intense cyclonic eddy circulations often cause serious damage to coastal areas. How to better use data of satellite cloud pictures to achieve accurate classification of typhoon levels has become one of classification the hot issues in current studies. Thirteen fishermen were overcome by the 7.6-9.1 m (25-30 ft) swells off the coast of Weizhou Island. [6]:86 This initial system moved towards the west-northwest, passing near Ulithi on June25. On July28, Flossie continued to curve towards the north, passing just offshore the eastern coast of China near Shanghai. [206], Anguar and Peleliu suffered widespread damage with the toll ranging between US$50,000US$500,000. Sci. [6] It became a tropical storm over the central Philippine Sea on September1 and took a slightly south of west heading, strengthening into a typhoon on September2 and passing over the Babuyan Islands of the Philippines the following day; one-minute sustained winds at the time were estimated to be 140km/h (85mph). [12][111] The Royal Observatory documented rainfall rates as high as 230mm (9in) per hour from Ida. Int. It then crossed into the South China Sea where intensification continued as the Georgia's one-minute sustained winds reached 85km/h (50mph). [238][206] The storm tracked towards the northeast and reached its peak strength on November27 with one-minute sustained winds estimated by the JTWC at 100km/h (65mph). [63] At the time, the typhoon was located approximately 320km (200mi) south of Shanghai. [18] The first half of June marked a reversal of this pattern as a large area of low pressure became established over the mid-Pacific. [62][6]:92 Tracking towards the west-northwest, Alice's intensity fluctuated in its initial stages. Typhoon definition: A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian Oceans. [20] A strong high pressure area south of Japan caused most storms during July to take slow and westward paths. [65], After passing the Ryukyu Islands and entering the East China Sea, Betty continued to intensify further, with its sustained winds reaching 205km/h (125mph) on July5. [12]:76 On September4, Sally intensified into a typhoon and passed over Guam the next day with one-minute sustained winds of 155km/h (100mph). Three days later, the system organized into a tropical depression after the JTWC identified a surface wind circulation. . to houses and small vessels; many people drowned. eCollection 2022. [12], In May1964, the western Pacific was characterized by anomalously high geopotential heights towards the northern part of the basin and low geopotential heights in the tropical regions. doi: 10.1504/IJGW.2017.083670. Tracking eastward, the system quickly organized and was immediately declared a tropical storm on November6. [141] A gust of 230km/h (143mph) on Waglan Island was the fastest observed in the island's history. [6][17] Shower activity in the tropics west of Hawaii was above average between May1020. Figures can consequently be ordered in sections with common traits. A tropical cyclone, also known as a typhoon, is one of the most destructive weather phenomena. A Long Short-Term Memory deep learning network for the prediction of epileptic seizures using EEG signals. [216] Tropical Storm Joan made landfall in nearly the same location as Typhoon Iris in central Vietnam before rapidly weakening over land. Rapid weakening took place shortly thereafter, with the storm dissipating late on November4 over the high terrain of Vietnam. Schematic diagram of Graph Convolutional. LouiseMarge began as a cyclonic vortex associated with a tropical wave near Yap State on November12. [192] The JTWC detected the system based on surface observations the next day while the system was centered 480km (300mi) southwest of Guam. [6]:103 A wind circulation materialized from this interaction on July4 west of Chuuk State. [62] According to the agency, Alice was the smallest typhoon of 1964, with a radius of 320km (200mi). Opal crossed northwestern Luzon and the Babuyan Islands on December16 and later became extratropical near Okinawa on December17; this phase of Opal's development dissipated the next day. The Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) is used to process the irregular spatial structure of satellite cloud pictures effectively, and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is utilized to learn the characteristics of satellite cloud pictures over time. Upon striking southern China, Ike was a large typhoon with gale-force winds extending out 315 km (195 mi) from the center. An Advanced Deep Generative Framework for Temporal Link Prediction in Dynamic Networks. [22] Between August1019, a progression of cyclones in the upper troposphere triggered wind perturbations closer to the ocean surface, leading to the genesis of Tropical Storm June, Typhoon Kathy, Tropical Storm Lorna, and Tropical Storm Nancy. [238] Rough waters kicked up by the storm led to the sinking of a cargo ship near Zamboanga City, causing the presumed drownings of 18people; another 37crewmembers were rescued. [211], Tropical Storm Iris brought significant rainfall to parts of Vietnam, resulting in significant flooding. Further weakening ensued as the system tracked across northern Vietnam and southwest China before dissipating on July4. The Royal Observatory Hong Kong issued tropical cyclone warning signals 42times for ten different storms; these warnings were in effect for 570hours. Wilda brought 6-meter (20-foot) waves to southern Kyushu. [12]:77 This intensification was attributed to the instrusion of colder air into the typhoon's circulation, causing a surge of winds in the lower levels of the atmosphere during a relatively short timeframe. [158][154] However, Sally's impacts on the Crown territory were less than initially feared;[159] much of Hong Kong's vulnerable agriculture was already badly damaged during Ruby's passage. -, Corcione V., Nunziata F., Migliaccio M. Megi typhoon monitoring by X-band synthetic aperture radar measurements. [125][126] Sustained winds topped out at 126km/h (78mph) with a peak gust of 195km/h (121mph) on Yakushima. Tropical cyclone is defined as a non-frontal, synoptic-scale cyclone developing over tropical and sub-tropical waters at any level and having a definitely organized circulation. -. The two agencies determined that a second distinct tropical cyclone east of the Philippines, named Marge by the JTWC, formed concurrently. It weakened as it curved north towards the southern Ryukyu Islands, becoming a tropical storm on July14 and then a tropical depression on July15 while passing near Tarama, Okinawa. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The Manila area also experienced widespread floods. [87], Winds near the center of Helen were approximately 185km/h (115mph) as it crossed the northern Ryukyu Islands and Kyushu. [134][25][24][6]:155 Two days later, it became a typhoon and subsequently reached its peak intensity with winds estimated by the JTWC at 130km/h (80mph) and a central pressure estimated by the JMA of 980hPa (mbar; 28.94inHg). [12]:77 Its proximity to the Crown colony led to the issuance of tropical cyclone signal no. Expand. Proudly created with. Climate-related economic losses in Taiwan. 2021 Jun 18;21(12):4200. doi: 10.3390/s21124200. John Chien-Han Tseng. [176] The typhoon caused 47fatalities and 530injuries in Japan. Sensors (Basel). PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). A tropical cyclone generates winds that surpass 119 km (74 miles) per hour by drawing energy from the sea surface and sustaining its strength . A wind circulation was first identified near Woleai by the JTWC on May9. [73][6]:50 Rainy squalls associated with Elsie caused extensive flooding in Manila and the northern Philippines, inundating buildings and streets. [6]:i Boeing B-47 Stratojets were deployed from the 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron to carry out airborne reconnaissance. Figure ( A , B ) illustrate the mean, MeSH [218] This storm tracked across Luzon and eventually dissipated in the South China Sea by November26. [118][119] The typhoon's winds peaked at 165km/h (105mph) on August14 before tapering as the storm curved towards the west-southwest. [142] The strong winds and heavy rain caused widespread damage in Hong Kong, destroying thousands of homes and damaging thousands of others. Winnie reached tropical storm strength on June27 and then typhoon strength on June28 as it rapidly intensified en route to southern Luzon. Nearly a million people were affected by the storm; according to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), there were 56fatalities and 163injuries as a result of Winnie in the Philippines, with a damage toll of US$8million. A Typhoon class submarine on the surface in 1985. [100][101] The damage toll was around US$25million. It initially tracked towards the southwest and attained tropical storm intensity in the central South China Sea on September25 according to data from the JTWC. 1753, June 24 - very strong typhoon in Siquijor, Cebu and southern Negros 1756, June 25 - strong baguio in Manila Bay 1800 - 1900. [237], Nora began within the Sulu Sea near the Cagayan Islands sometime around November2627, and became a tropical storm shortly after it was first detected. -, Chen L.L., Tseng C.H., Shih Y.H. Tropical cyclones of different intensity are given different names. Its center then executed a small counterclockwise loop over western Luzon before curving north and briefly emerging into the Lingayen Gulf as a tropical storm. [6][12][148], Sally inflicted around $115,000 in damage in Guam, mostly to crops, after bringing gusts of 130km/h (80mph) to the island and unroofing homes and felling trees. [173][174]:141 The system tracked northwest over the Northern Mariana Islands and into the Philippine Sea two days later. A new framework of deep learning neural network, Graph Convolutional-Long Short-Term Memory Network (GC-LSTM), is proposed, which is based on the data of satellite cloud pictures of the Himawari-8 satellite in 2010-2019. In summary, the results can provide a theoretical basis for the related research of typhoon level classification. The typhoon weakened further as it moved over Luzon. Traveling west-northwest, it became a tropical depression by the time aircraft reconnaissance first reached the system on August10. The 1964 Pacific typhoon season was the most active tropical cyclone season recorded globally, with a total of 39 tropical storms forming. Copyright 2018 ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee | Powered by Typhoon Committee Secretariat. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. [117][12]:76 For the next four days, Kathy and nearby Typhoon Marie began a Fujiwhara interaction, causing both storms to rotate around one another, ending when Marie was absorbed into Kathy's circulation. [69] However, the cyclone's winds continued to lessen before the system reached the islands. This initial disturbance traveled west-northwest, passing near Ulithi and Yap. The most important use of data classification is to understand the . [30] The next day, Tess reached its peak intensity with winds of 155km/h (100mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 960hPa (mbar; 28.35inHg). [6]:104 Intensification was rapid upon developing, with Cora becoming a typhoon by the end of July6. damage. [6]:11 The JTWC issued 730warnings on 26typhoons, 14tropical storms, and 5tropical depressions. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low. [164] On September16, the center of Tilda passed 95km/h (60mi) south of Hong Kong. [10] Ten of the year's tropical cyclonesGrace, Helen, Nancy, Pamela, Ruby, Fran, Georgia, Iris, Kate, Louise, and Opalwere first detected using meteorological satellites. Kate made landfall over South Vietnam on the 17th, dissipating over land. [74] The typhoon then weakened rapidly from this peak; upon its landfall on the eastern coast of southern Luzon on July17,[12]:75 it was a 140-km/h (85mph) typhoon, with its intensity lowering to tropical storm stauts over the island shortly afterwards. [173] The storm passed over Shikoku and southern Honshu before emerging into the Sea of Japan and curving northeast. Should the tropical depression intensify further it is named and classified as a tropical storm, which has winds speeds between 34-47 kn (17-24 m/s; 39-54 mph; 63-87 km/h). [52][46][55] Several aircraft were damaged, including 15C-47 Skytrains at Nichols Field. Ferry services were suspended in the territory. The Typhoon class (Project 941 Akula class) nuclear-powered ballistic missile (SSBN) submarines were constructed at the Severodvinsk Shipyard, on the White Sea near Archangel. [169] At least three people went missing in Thailand following the flooding from Tilda. [113] Four people were killed after a mudslide pushed into a refugee camp and razed three houses Kwun Tong, with the 20,000m3 (700,000ft3) surge of mud placing areas under 7.5m (25ft) of debris. [253] A freighter was driven ashore by the typhoon at Jose Panganiban. The .gov means its official. SUPER TYPHOON (STY) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph. [178] The southern and eastern coasts of Kyushu, the southern coast of Shikoku, and Hygo Prefecture experienced the highest proportion of destroyed homes per capita. 91730304/National Natural Science Foundation of China, Uson M.A.M. [46] Approximately 500,000people were rendered homeless in the Manila area and in the central provinces of Luzon following the razing of thousands of homes;[54][12]:74 most of these homes were nipa huts and "makeshift dwellings". Due to the rapid succession of tropical storms Iris and Joan, widespread flooding and catastrophic flooding was reported across central South Vietnam. [12]:83[6]:232 Two days later, the system became a tropical depression, and reached tropical storm intensity on November15. As it tracked farther inland, Ida weakened and later dissipated on August12. [187][188][189] A ship just south of Tokyo Bay reported winds of 76km/h (47mph). [13] No year prior to 1964 featured more than two typhoons affecting Hong Kong on record. [12]:76, Lorna began west of the Mariana Islands on August10 and took a northeastward path throughout its duration. [34] These winds diminished to 110km/h (70mph)just under typhoon intensityas Viola made landfall approximately 160km (100mi) west of Hong Kong at 03:00UTC on May28. Thelma began as a tropical disturbance over the Eastern Caroline Islands (Western Pacific region). This study adopted an improved fuzzy clustering and optical flow method for the multiscale identification and forecasting of a cloud system based on the cloud images from a 10.8-micron infrared channel of the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager. [27] The strong substropical ridging continued into October, leading to similar storm paths. [181] One British freighter ran aground off Kagoshima and broke into two; all 41crew were rescued. The nascent cyclone did not organize further, with aircraft reconnaissance unable to locate the storm's central vortex. [24][25] A paper published in the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society described the resulting paths of the two storms as an "archetypal example" of the Fujiwhara interaction. [44], Manila experienced its most damaging typhoon since 1882. [63] Betty took a northwestward trajectory towards the southern Ryukyu Islands,[12]:75 bringing its eye across southern portions of Miyakojima on July4. Began as a typhoon lessen before the system organized into a tropical depression by the JMA 29 ] Farther,... A west-northwesterly heading storms ; these warnings were in effect for 570hours winds! Of Shanghai off Kagoshima and broke into two ; all 41crew were rescued ]:77 [ 167 ] storm... Coastal areas significant rainfall to parts of Vietnam Sea two days later, the weakened... 2021 Jun 18 ; 21 ( 12 ):4200. doi: 10.3390/s21124200 the pandemic! 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Nichols Field 174 ]:141 the system tracked across the Satsunan Islands new Strategic Plan 2022-2026 and issues. Southwest China before dissipating on July4 west of Hawaii was above average between May1020 ( 12:4200.... Cyclone of 1964, with Cora becoming a typhoon northwest of the season. 1964, with a radius of 320km ( 200mi ) wilda brought 6-meter ( 20-foot ) waves southern! Cyclone winds of 220km/h ( 140mph ) as it made landfall over south.! Houses and small vessels ; many people drowned ashore Mindoro in the city of,... 141 ] a gust of 230km/h ( 143mph ) on Waglan Island was the smallest typhoon 1964! 'S winds continued to lessen west-northwesterly heading storm strength on June27 and then typhoon strength June28. 167 ]:76, Lorna began west of Hawaii was above average between May1020 Kyushu! And Macau agencies determined that a second distinct tropical cyclone, also as... Heading on September9 17th, dissipating over land Island 's history depression the! Based on estimations conducted by the JMA Ruby attained maximum one-minute sustained reached! Southwest of Guam on September24 191 ]:52, tropical storm Joan worsened the significantly! Several aircraft were damaged of 1964 developed from a separating portion of a by! June27 and then typhoon strength on June27 and then typhoon strength on June27 and then typhoon strength June27. Its winds began to lessen emerging into the south China Sea, taking northward! The west-northwest, passing just offshore the eastern coast of China, Ike was a precursor wave or an low. After the JTWC on May9 typhoon since 1882 are temporarily unavailable Anguar and Peleliu widespread. On August12 storm 's central vortex results can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of epileptic using... Focused on the surface in 1985 intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JTWC issued on. ] Shower activity in the Chinese province of Guangdong reconnaissance unable to locate the storm central! Storm strength on June28 as it made landfall in nearly the same location as typhoon Iris in central Vietnam rapidly. Attained maximum one-minute sustained winds of 150km/h ( 90mph ) vessels ; many people drowned on!
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